Mexico

Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos), and also referred to as the United States of Mexico (Spanish: Estados Unidos de México), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13^th largest independent nation in the world. With a population of nearly 118.4 million, it is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.

In pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico following recognition of the colony's independence in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Since 2006 the country has been in the midst of a drug war which has caused 60,000 deaths. Mexico has also conducted and is still conducting an extensive modernization of its armed forces.

Mexico has one of the world's largest economies, and is considered both a regional power and middle power. In addition, Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (since 1994), and considered an upper-middle income country by the World Bank. Mexico is considered a newly industrialized country and an emerging power. It has the fourteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest GDP by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States of America. Mexico ranks sixth in the world and first in the Americas by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites with 32, and in 2010 was the tenth most visited country in the world with 22.5 million international arrivals per year.

According to Goldman Sachs, by 2050 Mexico is expected to become the world's fifth largest economy. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) estimated in January 2013 that by 2050 Mexico could be the world's seventh largest economy.

Information

• Official Name: United Mexican States
• Government Type: Constitutional Republic
• President: Enrique Peña Nieto
• President of Senate: Ernesto Cordero Arroyo
• President of the Chamber of Deputies: Jorge Carlos Ramírez Marín
• Anthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano
• Capitol and Largest City: Mexico City
• Currency: Peso
• Demonym: Mexican
• Military Expenditures: $26.384 billion USD (1.7% of GDP)
• Population: 123,675,325
• Population Density: 155.46 people/square mile (60.02 people/km2)
• Gross Domestic Product (Nominal): $1.93 trillion USD
• Gross Domestic Product (PPP): 3.86 trillion USD
• GDP per capita: $15,605.38 USD/$31,210.76 USD
• Land Area: 761,606 square miles (1,972,550 km²)