Hawker Siddeley Trident

The Hawker Siddeley HS121 Trident (originally the de Havilland dH.121 and the Airco dH121) was a British short- (and later medium-) range airliner. It was the first T-tail rear-engined three-engined jet airliner to be designed. It was also the first airliner to make a blind landing in revenue service in 1965.

The Trident emerged in response to a call by the state-owned British European Airways Corporation (BEA) for a jet airliner for its premier West European routes. BEA had been induced by the government to issue this call despite its unwillingness to buy a large jet fleet. The airline's requirements fluctuated greatly in the 1950s and a decade later evolved radically away from what the Trident could offer. Adherence to BEA's changing specification was widely seen as limiting the Trident's appeal to other airlines and delaying its service entry.

During its gestation, the Trident was also involved in a government drive to rationalize the British aircraft industry. The resulting corporate moves and government interventions contributed to delays causing it to enter service two months after its major competitor, the Boeing 727, losing further potential sales as a result. By the end of the program in 1978, 117 Tridents had been produced. BEA's successor British Airways withdrew its Tridents by the mid-1980s. Trident services ended in China in the early 1990s.

Variants

• Trident 1C: Production version for British European Airways; 24 built.
• Trident 1E: Increased seating capacity, uprated engines, and addition of leading edge slats; 15 built.
• Trident 2E: As Trident 1E version with triplex autoland system; 50 built.
• Trident 3B: High-capacity short-medium range version of the 2E with a 16 ft 5 in (5.00 m) stretch, 1 RB.162 booster engine in the tail; 26 built.
• Super Trident 3B: Extended range by 692 km (430 miles); two built.

Users

• People's Republic of China
  • CAAC Airlines
  • China United Airlines
  • People's Liberation Army Air Force
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Air Charter Service of Zaire
• Cyprus
  • Cyprus Airways
• Iraq
  • Iraqi Airways
• Kuwait
  • Kuwait Airways
• Pakistan
  • Pakistan Air Force
  • Pakistan International Airlines
• Sri Lanka
  • Air Ceylon
• United Kingdom
  • BKS/Northeast Airlines
  • British Airways
  • British European Airways
  • Channel Airways

See Also

• Boeing 727
• Tupolev Tu-154