De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter

The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian 19-passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada and currently produced by Viking Air. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL abilities and high rate of climb have made it a successful cargo, regional passenger airliner and MEDEVAC aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the United States Air Force's 98th Flying Training Squadron.

Design and Development
Development of the aircraft began in 1964, with the first flight on May 20, 1965. A twin-engine replacement for the single-engine Otter retaining DHC's renowned STOL qualities, design features included double slotted trailing edge flaps and ailerons that work in unison with the flaps to boost STOL performance. The availability of the 550 shp (410 kW) Pratt and Whitney Canada PT6A-20 propeller turbine engine in the early 1960s made the concept of a twin more feasible. To bush operators, the improved reliability of turboprop power and the improved performance of a twin-engine configuration made it an immediately popular alternative to the single engine, piston-powered Otter which had been flying since 1951.

The first six aircraft produced were designated Series 1, indicating that they were prototype aircraft. The initial production run consisted of Series 100 aircraft, serial number seven to 115 inclusive. In 1968, Series 200 production began with serial number 116. Changes made at the beginning of Series 200 production included improving the STOL performance, adding a longer nose that was equipped with a larger baggage compartment (except to aircraft fitted with floats) and fitting a larger door to the rear baggage compartment. All Series 1, 100 and 200 aircraft and their variants (110, 210) were fitted with the 550 shaft horsepower PT6A-20 engines.

In 1969, the Series 300 was introduced, beginning with serial number 231. Both aircraft performance and payload were improved by fitting more powerful PT6A-27 engines. This was a 680 hp (510 kW) engine that was flat-rated to 620 hp (460 kW) for use in the Series 300 Twin Otter. The Series 300 proved to be the most successful variant by far, with 614 Series 300 aircraft and their sub-variants (Series 310 for United Kingdom operators, Series 320 for Australian operators, etc.) sold before production ended in 1988.

New Production
After Series 300 production ended, the remaining tooling was purchased by Viking Air of Victoria, British Columbia, who manufacture replacement parts for all of the out of production de Havilland Canada aircraft. On February 24, 2006, Viking purchased the type certificates from Bombardier Aerospace for all the out of production de Havilland DHC-1 through DHC-7 aircraft. The ownership of the certificates gives Viking the exclusive right to manufacture new aircraft.

On July 17, 2006, at the Farnborough Air Show, Viking Air announced its intention to offer a Series 400 Twin Otter. On April 2, 2007, Viking announced that with 27 orders and options in hand, it was restarting production of the Twin Otter, equipped with a more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34/35 engine. As of November 2007, 40 firm orders and 10 options had been taken and a new final assembly plant established in Calgary, Alberta. Zimex Aviation of Switzerland received the first new production aircraft, serial number 845, in July 2010.

Major changes introduced with the Series 400 include Honeywell Primus Apex fully integrated avionics, deletion of the AC electrical system, deletion of the beta backup system, modernization of the electrical and lighting system, and use of composites for non-load-bearing structures such as doors

Users

 * Afghanistan
 * Afghan Air Force
 * Argentina
 * Argentine Air Force
 * Argentine Army
 * Argentine Navy
 * Australia
 * Australian Army
 * Benin
 * Benin Air Force
 * Canada
 * Royal Canadian Air Force
 * Royal Canadian Navy
 * Chile
 * Chilean Air Force
 * Colombia
 * Colombian National Police
 * Ecuador
 * Ecuadorian Air Force
 * Ethiopia
 * Ethiopian Air Force
 * France
 * French Air Force
 * French Army
 * Haiti
 * Haitian Air Force
 * Jamaica
 * Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing
 * Malaysia
 * Royal Malaysian Air Force
 * Mexico
 * Mexican Air Force
 * Mexican Navy
 * Nepal
 * Nepalese Army Air Service
 * Netherlands
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force
 * Nicaragua
 * Nicaraguan Air Force
 * Norway
 * Royal Norwegian Air Force
 * Panama
 * Panamanian Aeronaval Service
 * Paraguay
 * Paraguayan Air Force
 * Peru
 * Peruvian Air Force
 * Philippines
 * Seychelles
 * Seychelles Air Force
 * Sudan
 * Sudanese Air Force
 * Switzerland
 * Swiss Air Force
 * Uganda
 * Ugandan Air Force
 * Ugandan Police Force Air Wing
 * United States
 * Air America
 * National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
 * National Aeronautics and Space Administration
 * United States Air Force
 * United States Army
 * Vietnam
 * Vietnam People's Navy